Refers to the process used by the brain to combine or bind the results of many sensory operations into a single percept. The multiplechoice section accounts for twothirds of the students examination grade and the freeresponse section for the remaining onethird. Get the full kaplan ap psychology book from amazon here. The basilar membrane is a thin strip of tissue within the. This occurs, for example, when sensations of color, shape, boundary, and texture are combined to produce the percept of a persons face. The response did not earn point 6 because for his own benefit is ambiguous and could refer to external rewards. As a member, youll also get unlimited access to over 79,000 lessons in math, english, science, history, and more. Sound is produce whenever there is a rapid change in the air pressure, usually caused by vibrating objects. After taking ap psychology and doing well in the class and on the exam, donald goes to college.
Basilar membrane a membrane in the inner ear that runs along the length of the cochlea. The basilar membrane moves up and down in response to incoming sound waves, which are converted to traveling waves on the basilar membrane. Basilar membranevibrating membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear. But unlike the parallel strings of a guitar, the basilar membrane is a single structure with different width, stiffness, mass, damping, and duct dimensions at different points along its length. Thus the binding problem is one of the major unsolved mysteries in. Cochlea part of the inner ear containing fluid that vibrates which in turn causes the basilar membrane to vibrate. The basilar membrane in gerbil differs from most other mammals, since its width and thickness show little variation from base to apex, and tympanic fiber layer in the pectinate zone forms a. As the basilar membrane vibrates, hair cells along a large part of the basilar membrane are stimulated. Cite the term, basilar membrane psychology glossary.
In spite of the central role of the basilar membrane, its responses to sound have been measured in only. In other areas, a low frequency of afferent action potentials may be transmitted, whereas in the optimally vibrating regions of the basilar membrane, a high. The variation of sensitivity with frequency is similar for basilar membrane displacement and microphonic responses. Students that commit themselves to their coursework will see a substantial payoff in both their sat exam scores as well as their college preparedness. Basilar membrane definition is a membrane extending from the bony shelf of the cochlea to the outer wall and supporting the organ of corti. The material in this ebook also appears in the print version of this title. Sensations and the five senses psychology eruptingmind. When a sound wave causes the hair cells to vibrate, the associated neurons become excited. What part of a visual image is the figure and what part is the. You can adjust the frequency and amplitude of the incoming sound to see how the basilar membrane responds differently as the characteristics of the sound change. Basilar membrane is involved in maintaining balance. Basilar membrane vibrating membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear.
The primary factors of cochlear frequency tuning are generally ascribed to the passive physical characteristics of the basilar membrane bm, which op already identified in the question the bm is wider and more flexible at the apical end lowfrequency region and narrower and stiffer at the basal end highfrequency region. Barrons ap psychology, 5th edition waterford union high school. Responses to sound of the basilar membrane of the mammalian. The motion of the basilar membrane model has been simulated by numerical methods and compared with physiological data for several types of sound stimuli. Functions of the basilar membrane practice khan academy. The basilar membrane is a stiff structural element within the cochlea of the inner ear which separates two liquidfilled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani. Practice with ap psychology free response questions frqs and prepare for the 2020 ap psych exam. However, some of the basic rules are important to know and understand for the ap psychology exam. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Apr 27, 2020 luckily, you stumbled across this ultimate guide to the brain for ap psychology that we have prepared for you. Its always nervewracking to write the fr because some questions give points for being nonspecific, but others inconspicuously require you to write a sevenpage essay in mla format with a bibliography. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. The frequency tuning in the cochlea is due to a number of factors.
Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and detection depends partly on a persons experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue. Basic principles perception the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information giving it meaning or a label perception is opinion accounts for the differences in peoples tastes regarding food, smells, etc. In this activity, you can observe the motion of the basilar membrane in the cochlea in response to one or more sounds. Basilar membrane midbrain motor neurons receptors identical twins. This sort of bending movement prompts the hair cells to fire a neural impulse, telling the brain. The ebook links to studyspace and offers many useful electronic tools, such as.
The membrane runs the length of the cochlea inside the ear and contains those tiny hairs that act as sound receptors. It is shown that a linear model exhibits a frequency modulation in its impulse response that is in accordance with physiological data. Basilar membrane definition of basilar membrane by. The ap examination in psychology is approximately two hours long and includes both a 75minute multiplechoice section and a 45minute freeresponse section. Psychology is designed to meet the scope and sequence for the singlesemester introduction to psychology course. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of basilar membrane. Responses must explain the contribution of the basilar membrane to sachios sensation or perception of sound e. Master introductory psychology is also available as a series of 4 books in ebook and print format. Answers must be presented in sentences, and sentences must be cogent enough for the responses meaning to come through. If donald is interested in psychology and has high achievement motivation, as a firstyear student, he is most likely to atake an introductory psychology class in which he knows that he will excel. Psychology definition for basilar membrane in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students.
Ultimately sound is passed onto the brain via the auditory nerve. Round window membrane between the middle ear and inner ear that equalizes pressure in the inner ear. See more ideas about ap psych, ap psychology and perception. Enterprising students use this website to learn ap class material, study for class quizzes and tests, and to brush up on course material before the big exam day. Myers ap is a trademark registered andor owned by the college board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. Diminished sensory input and the enjoyment of food. One of the first perceptual decisions our mind must make is the figureground relationship. Psychology henry gleitman, james gross, daniel reisberg.
Sep 02, 2017 the movement of the basilar membrane is essentially what allows humans to hear through their ears. In this activity, the cochlea will be unwound and only some of the structures are shown to make it easier to follow how the basilar membrane and cochlea function to transduce sounds. Inside the cochlea is the basilar membrane, which plays a similar role in hearing as the retina does in vision. In areas of minimum vibration, the amount of stimulation may not reach threshold. Pdf mechanics of the unusual basilar membrane in gerbil. There are three main sensations associated with hearing. Spontaneous basilar membrane oscillation and otoacoustic emission at 15 khz in a guinea pig article pdf available in journal of the association for research in otolaryngology 54. Every structure of the ear has their own functions and are very important.
Gestalt psychology cognitive psychology dependent variable. Human ear and physiology of hearing linkedin slideshare. For many students, this may be their only collegelevel psychology course. Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to result in. Zimbardos ap psychology textbook chapter 4 sensation and perception. Practice test 1 barrons ap psychology, 7th edition. The rules we use for visual perception are too numerous to cover completely in this book. This is a long membrane that is part of the auditory system. The basilar membrane contains hair cells connected to neurons. Noted academicians and researchers including noam chomsky, paul ekman, elizabeth loftus, michael rugg, david myers and. Basilar membrane definition of basilar membrane by merriam.
Jan 18, 2019 inside the cochlea is the basilar membrane, which plays a similar role in hearing as the retina does in vision. Other articles where basilar membrane is discussed. Which of the following is an example of sensory interaction. Basilar membrane somatosensory cortex intrinsic motivation big five personality trait of extraversion. The basilar membrane is a pseudoresonant structure that, like the strings on an instrument, varies in width and stiffness. Behavior therapies treatments involving complex conversations between therapists and clients that are aimed at directly influencing maladaptive behaviors through the use. Sensation and perception ap psych unit 3 4 in book 1. Sensations and the five senses psychology posted on january 18, 2019 march 14, 2019 by martin.
Locate one of the turns of the cochlea, and using figures 33. Under openbulla conditions, sensitivity is constant for frequencies between 100 and hz. Unit 3 sensation and perception ap psych unit 34 in book. Linear and nonlinear models of the basilar membrane motion. In this case, it may have helped sachio in that if he was nervous. A finding that despite its delicious aroma, a weirdlooking meal. Students considering taking ap psychology or any other advanced placement course should recognize that taking these classes requires a more serious commitment than other high school courses.
You can adjust the frequency and amplitude of each sound separately. It contains a semigelatinous membrane wherein the stereocilia of the outer hair cells are fused into it. Sensation and perception barrons ap psychology, 7th edition. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Whether youre studying for ap psychology, ib psychology, a college course, or you just want to better understand the world of psychology, this book has what you need. We all use the same sensory organs to detect stimulation from the environment, but we all differ in our perceptions, which are influenced by memories. Basilar membrane mechanics at the base of the chinchilla. The sense of hearing is sensitive to the sound stimuli. A linear and a nonlinear transmission line model of the basilar membrane is described.
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